6ES7416-2FK04-0AB0西门子6ES7416-2FK04-0AB0西门子

CPU的构成
　　CPU是PLC的核心，起神经中枢的作用，每套PLC至少有一个CPU，它按PLC的系统程序赋予的功能接收并存贮用户程序和数据，用扫描的方式采集由现场输入装置送来的状态或数据，并存入规定的寄存器中，同时，诊断电源和PLC内部电路的工作状态和编程过程中的语法错误等。进入运行后，从用户程序存贮器中逐条读取指令，经分析后再按指令规定的任务产生相应的控制信号，去指挥有关的控制电路。
　　CPU主要由运算器、控制器、寄存器及实现它们之间的数据、控制及状态总线构成，CPU单元还包括外围芯片、总线接口及有关电路。内存主要用于存储程序及数据，是PLC*的组成单元。
　　在使用者看来，不必要详细分析CPU的内部电路，但对各部分的工作机制还是应有足够的理解。CPU的控制器控制CPU工作，由它读取指令、解释指令及执行指令。但工作节奏由震荡信号控制。运算器用于进行数字或逻辑运算，在控制器指挥下工作。寄存器参与运算，并存储运算的中间结果，它也是在控制器指挥下工作。
　　CPU速度和内存容量是PLC的重要参数，它们决定着PLC的工作速度，IO数量及软件容量等，因此限制着控制规模。

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郑娟萍

厦门仲鑫航自动化设备有限公司

PLC的通信联网
    依靠*的工业网络技术可以迅速有效地收集、传送生产和管理数据。因此，网络在自动化系统集成工程中的重要性越来越显著，甚至有人提出"网络就是控制器"的观点说法。
    PLC具有通信联网的功能，它使PLC与PLC 之间、PLC与上位计算机以及其他智能设备之间能够交换信息，形成一个统一的整体，实现分散集中控制。多数PLC具有RS-232接口，还有一些内置有支持各自通信协议的接口。
    PLC的通信，还未实现互操作性，IEC规定了多种现场总线标准，PLC各厂家均有采用。
    对于一个自动化工程(特别是中大规模控制系统)来讲，选择网络非常重要的。首先，网络必须是开放的，以方便不同设备的集成及未来系统规模的扩展；其次，针对不同网络层次的传输性能要求，选择网络的形式，这必须在较深入地了解该网络标准的协议、机制的前提下进行；再次，综合考虑系统成本、设备兼容性、现场环境适用性等具体问题，确定不同层次所使用的网络标准。

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