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实验、实训与上机课可以采用自主学习方式。自主学习方式是一种学习者在总体教学目标的宏观调控下，在教师的指导下，根据自身条件和需要自由地选择学习目标，学习内容和方法，并通过自我调控的学习活动完成具体学习目标的学习方式。自主学习离不开教师的适时指导与评价，学生只有在教师的适时帮助下，才能不断地完成一个又一个实验与实训项目，获得越来越大的成就感，增加自己自主学习的动力，从而保证自主学习方式的良性发展。教师还必须结合理论课程的进程，结合实验实训设备编写由浅入深、逐步递进、面向不同层次学生的实验实训指导书，为学生的自主学习提供有力的理论支撑。

     3、综合实训是PLC课程zui重要的一个环节。要安排充足的时间进行，还要提高实训的效率，综合考虑学生个体的差异。在实训中，遵循能者多劳，共同提高的原则，把学生按个体差异分组，各组根据自己的能力情况选择不同控制要求的实训内容，根据控制要求，进行编程、调试，故障诊断与排除。这种方法较灵活的解决了学生能力差异存在的相互制约问题，同时也培养了学生的分工及团队合作的能力。 

郑娟萍

厦门仲鑫航自动化设备有限公司  

 三、成绩评价机制。应该明确成绩评价不是教学行为的zui终目的，成绩评价应作为激励学生学习的一种方法，成绩评价应做到及时、公正，具有可操作性。1、理论成绩评定包括笔试成绩、平时成绩和实验成绩，笔试成绩通过开卷或闭卷方式，考核了学生对PLC基本知识的掌握程度；平时成绩通过平时独立完成作业的质量、上课出勤、课堂上解决问题的能力及创新方法等来评定；2、实验实训成绩评价应能体现出竞争机制，根据不同的任务要求分两种情况：*，保证完成质量的前提下，根据完成速度评定分数；第二，保证统一时间的前提下，根据完成质量评定分数。教师根据完成质量或速度只对每个团队进行分数评定，团队每个成员的分数则依据教师给定分数通过本团队民主评议得分，这样促进团队内每个成员的积极性与主动性，同时培养学生的团队意识。 

    四、校内学习与校外锻炼。学生在学校所学的PLC知识与技能对比实际工作岗位中的PLC控制系统，仍具有一定的差异或差距，学生就业后在工作岗位中一定会遇到一些难于解决的难题，这就需要学校、教师仍然要加强对学生毕业工作过程的指导，把这些问题的解决方法做成典型案例对在校学生讲解，对在校生来说也是一种良好经验的积累。学生就业后，在工作岗位上应不断地与学校教师沟通，不断地向有经验的师傅请教，才能熟练掌握PLC控制系统的设计与应用。

     总之，作为学校只有做到以上若干方面协同优化，才能真正培养出高素质应用型PLC人才。

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